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Awquib Sabhat ¹, M. A. Malik ², A. S. Kamili ³, G. N. Malik ¹, S. A. Mir ⁴, Firdose Ahmad Malik ²

Affiliations
1 Temperate Sericulture Research Institute Skuast-k, Mirgund, J&K, IN
2 Temperate Sericulture Research Institute Skuast-k, Mirgund, J&K
3 Directrate of Extension, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (k), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, IN
4 Division of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (k), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, IN

Abstract

Changes in the levels of protein and free amino acids in the haemolymph of three selected silkworm breeds viz., SKAU-R-1, SH-6 and NB4D2, fed with selected mulberry varieties like Ichinose (control), Goshoerami (uniformly the best), and Kokuso-20 (least productive) were investigated in 4^th moult, and 5^th instar larval development during spring and summer seasons. The protein levels in haemolymph were lower at moult in all the three races but the levels showed a sharp increase upon resumption of feeding. The mean levels of protein irrespective of seasons were relatively higher in larvae of SKAU-R-1(44.97 mg/ml) followed by NB4D2 (44.35 mg/ml) and SH6 (42.48 mg/ml). Haemolymph free amino acid levels decreased during 5^th instar from the level observed at 4^th moult. The mean free amino acid level for the entire 5^th instar larval stage in both seasons was relatively higher in NB4D2 (4.55 mg/ml) followed by SKAU-R-1 (4.25 mg/ml) and SH6 (4.17 mg/ml). Free amino acid levels dropped through the 5^th instar larval development in all the three races. The changes in the haemolymph protein and free amino acid levels were observed from different base levels in the larvae feeding on different mulberry varieties. Racial differences in the haemolymph protein and free amino acid contents were observed during both seasons in relation to mulberry nutrition being higher in larvae feeding on the foliage of Goshoerami than Ichinose and Kokuso-20.

Keywords

Mulberry, Bombyx Mori, Haemolymph, Protein, Free Amino Acid

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V. C. Thakur ¹, R. Jayangondaperumal ², P. K. Champatiray ³, M. I. Bhat ⁴, M. A. Malik ⁵

Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun - 248 001, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun - 248 001
3 Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehra Dun - 248 001, IN
4 Kashmir University Srinagar - 190 006, IN
5 Jammu University, Jammu - 180 006, IN

Abstract

The 8 October 2005 Muzaffarabad earthquake was the deadhest earthquake In the history of Indian subcontinent Its epicenter located 10 km northeast of Muzaffarabad lies in the lndus Kohistan Seismic Zone (IKSZ), which represents northwestern continuation of the microseismicity and moderate earthquakes belt of Garhwal, Kumaun and Nepal A multi-institution team undertook post earthquake studies along the LOC and adjoining areas in Tangdhar, Un and Poonch sectors of Kashmir, India The Tangdhar area lying on the hanging wall and the Un area close to the rupture zone have suffered much more damage In comparision to the Poonch region located on the footwall An isoseismal map of the earthquake affected region has been prepared on the basis of our observations and website data The opened-up cracks and lateral spreads mapped In the Tangdhar and Un reglonishow both right-lateral as well as left-lateral strike-slip and vertical motions of a few cm to 30 cm The Mw 7 6 Muzaffarabad earthquake has ruptured a segment -80 km x 50 km west of the closure of Kashrmr Valley An earlier mapped active fault of en echelon nature, trending NW-SE and extending from Balakot to Muzaffarabad and further southeast along the eastern bank of river Jhelum, coincldes with linear trend of the aftershocks belt and the rupture plane of the earthquake The knowledge gamed through ths earthquake implies that a selismic gap of a similar size of unruptured segment that lies between the 1555 Kashmir (Mw 7 5) and 1905 Kangra (Mw 7 8) earthquakes, where there is no historical record of a large earthquake for more than 500 years, may be ripe for a large event.

Keywords

Himalayan Seismicity, kashmir Earthquakes, Earthquake Hazard, Active Faults.

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N. A. Ganie ¹, Afifa S. Kamili ¹, K. A. Sahaf ¹, Imtiyaz Murtaza ², K. A. Dar ¹, M. A. Malik ¹

Affiliations
1 Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu-181 002, IN
2 Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of PHT, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar 190 025, IN

Abstract

In the current study amylase activity was carried out by analysis of digestive fluid in diapausing and nondiapausing strains of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Six different breeds, viz. Pure Mysore, Nistari, NB₄D₂, SH₆, SKAUR₆ and SKUAST₂₈ were selected for the study. The average digestive amylase activity was found highest in Nistari during spring (664.82 μg) and summer (993.97 μg) seasons. However, among the bivoltine breeds SKUAST-28 with the average amylase activity during spring (148.47 μg) and summer (144.04 μg) seasons was found to be a superior breed with respect to this parameter. The amylase activity in tropical non-diapausing breeds is higher than that in the bivoltine breeds of silkworm which is responsible for their higher survival rate under unfavourable conditions.

Keywords

Amylase Activity, Bombyx mori L., Diapuasing and Non-Diapausing Strains, Maltose, Survival.

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